Gout is a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. When uric acid forms crystals in the joints, it leads to sudden attacks of severe pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, commonly in the big toe.

Acute gout usually presents as a sudden, intense joint pain, often at night. The affected joint (commonly the big toe) becomes:

• Red

• Swollen

• Warm to touch

• Extremely painful even with light pressure

See a doctor if you experience:

• Sudden, severe joint pain

• Recurring pain in the same joint

• Swelling or redness in joints

• Suspected high uric acid levels
  Early treatment helps prevent joint damage and complications.

Gout occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood, leading to crystal formation in the joints. This happens due to:

• Overproduction of uric acid

• Reduced kidney function

• Certain foods and drinks high in purines

Common risk factors include:

• Family history of gout

• High-purine diet (red meat, seafood, alcohol)

• Obesity

• Medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease

• Certain medications (like diuretics)

If untreated, gout can lead to:

• Joint damage or deformity

• Tophi (crystal deposits under the skin)

• Kidney stones

• Chronic gouty arthritis

You can reduce the risk of gout attacks by:

• Limiting alcohol and purine-rich foods

• Staying hydrated

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Taking medications if prescribed

• Regular monitoring of uric acid levels

Diagnosis involves:

• Physical examination and history of symptoms

• Blood tests to check uric acid levels

• Joint fluid analysis (to detect crystals)

• X-rays or ultrasound for joint damage or urate deposits

Treatment focuses on relieving pain during attacks and lowering uric acid to prevent future flares:

• Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)

• Colchicine or steroids

• Uric acid-lowering medications like allopurinol

• Lifestyle modifications

• Drink plenty of water

• Avoid alcohol, sugary drinks, and red meat

• Eat low-fat dairy, vegetables, and whole grains

• Exercise regularly and maintain healthy weight

• Limit stress and stay consistent with prescribed medication